A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. Preparation of aspirin identification of functional groupsamine, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters and phenols cl catalogue page 3. Video tutorials created by a students covering the new ocr, aqa and edexcel spec are a great way to consolidate your revision and prepare you for your exams. The aspirin is formed when you reflux ethanoic anhydride, phosphoric acid, and 2hydroxybenzoic acid together for 15 minutes. It wasnt until 1897 that a chemist, who wanted to help his father with joint pain, came up with a. Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics. Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, has a chemical formula of c9h8o4. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. The purpose of this experiment was to make aspirin via esterification, and to determine the percent yield we as a lab group made. After germany lost world war i, bayer was forced to give it up as part of the treaty of versailles in 1919. Cp16 the preparation of aspirin edexcel chemistry international a. Synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid objectives to perform and explain the reactions of acid anhydrides to synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid safety perform the experiment in a wellventilated room.
Topic 17 carboxylic acids, amines, esters and acylation a. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to be taken directly pka1 2. You may be asked to describe these experiments in details or. Try to read the chemistry questions answers and make the chemistry notes out of them.
The mechanism for this synthesis provides examples of three major classes of chemical reactions. Chemistry notes form 1 chemistry form one pdf online. Chapter 11 lecture notes 1 chapter 11 lecture notes. To understand the chemistry, the student must be able to recognize the common molecular framework shared by oil of wintergreen, salicylic acid, and aspirin and to identify the oh and co 2 sites where chemical changes occur. Practical guide edexcel this guide includes details about the core practicals for a level chemistry. The chemistry of fireworks what are the component parts of fireworks. Apr 08, 2015 the best chemistry as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. The use of salicylic acid to alleviate pain has been known for thousands of years from the extracts of willow bark. Jun 23, 2017 aspirin is prepared by acetylation of salicylic acid with acetyl chloride. Free a level chemistry revision app exam preparation. With a separate spotter for each compound, spot a tlc plate with each solution as outlined in the diagram below. Since acetic acid is very soluble in water, it is easily separated from the aspirin product.
In simplest terms, chemistry is the science of matter. The aspirin isolated in this step is the crude product. It can all get a bit overwhelming when youre attempting to study for your exams. Synthesis of aspirin acetylsalicylic acid ferric chloride test for salicylic acid. Anything that can be touched, tasted, smelled, seen or.
We will prepare aspirin by reacting salicylic acid 1 with an excess of acetic anhydride 2 to produce aspirin 3 and acetic acid 4. A reflux setup is analogous to a distillation, with the main difference being the vertical placement of the condenser. Organic synthesis of aspirin abstract the purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a common organic product called acetylsalicylic acid aspirin, and to become familiar with the optimum conditions needed for successful yields. The first step of the synthesis involves mixing salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride. Jun 23, 2017 preparation of pure and dry sample of copper ammine complex liquid ammonia reacts with copper sulphate to form tetra ammine cupric sulphate. Interestingly, aspirin was once a trademark belonging to bayer. Purification of aspirin 1 g of crude crystals was set aside for tlc analysis in part 3. The books shown below are recommended by teachers and students. New a level 2015 the revision guides are split into physical, inorganic and organic chemistry. As part of your a level course you will be expected to prepare an organic solid, so even if youre not specifically making aspirin, a lot of the techniques and safety considerations are similar.
Synthesis of salicylic acid from oil of wintergreen. Given the structure of an alcohol, ether, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, or ketone molecule, be able to give the systemic names and vice versa. Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the. Although the salicin in willow bark has analgesic properties, purified salicylic acid was bitter and irritating when taken orally. In this experiment, a sample of acetylsalicylic acid is prepared by acetylation of. So, from now onwards try to visualize everything from the chemistry point of view. Chapter 11 lecture notes 7 preparation of alcohols preparation of alcohols. Process notes for writing net ionic equations teacher notes. A level chemistry transition project in preparation for your course, you should make a 1page summary for each of the following topics using the research structure from cornell notes. Practical guide ocr this guide includes details about the pags for alevel chemistry. There are likely to be questions in any of the three a level papers and on the as papers, if you are taking as chemistry that test your knowledge and understanding of practical work. Practical 4 determination of an enthalpy of neutralisation. The experiment differs in three ways from traditional aspirin synthesis experiments for general chemistry. An ester is a compound that is formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol, oh group.
Acetic anhydride reacts with salicylic acid to yield the ester aspirin. Topic 17 carboxylic acids, amines, esters and acylation. The best chemistry as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Chromatography these teaching notes relate to section 3. Place a spatula tip of your purified aspirin in a 2ml glass vial gcms vial and dissolve it in 1ml of ethanol. Welcome to chemistry, the science concerned with the study of matter. Aqa a level chemistry as and a2 chemistry notes and study help. Multisteps synthesis requires the chemist to accomplish more than. Practical guide ocr this guide includes details about the pags for a level chemistry. Questions like why a chemical reaction occurs and how fast it occurs are explained here. The remaining crude was added to a 125 ml erlenmeyer flask.
Levels 1 and 2 covers the skills required for the preparation of a pure organic solid. Aspirin originally was derived by boiling the bark of the white willow tree. Mar 18, 2019 so, from now onwards try to visualize everything from the chemistry point of view. Practical 3 determination of an equilibrium constant. The synthesis of aspirin is an organic chemistry experiment in many specifications for students of ages 1618 years. Chemistry questions, general knowledge of chemistry pdf. Free a level chemistry revision app exam preparation gojimo. What chemical compounds cause fireworks to explode. A curriculum resource for post16 chemistry and science courses. Preparation of pure and dry sample of aspirin youtube.
An experiment is described that is suitable for the early portion of the laboratory in a general chemistry course and integrates organic examples. Making aspirin doesnt have to be a headache target pupil level. Aspirin is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. Over history, many compounds obtained from nature have been used to cure ills or to produce an effect in humans. Quenching the reaction mixture with cold water forces the crude aspirin out of solution. This resource aims to provide background material for teachers preparing students for alevel chemistry. In the presence of moisture, aspirin may decompose hydrolysis into salicylic acid and acetic acid. Key stage 5 scottish credit and qualifications framework level 7 alevel btec advanced highers and also suitable for key stage 4 5 transition. Synthetic chemistry allows chemists to construct entirely new structures, from simple, already known molecules. Preparation of aspirin report 1 preparation of aspirin lab.
Aspirin, one of the first drugs to come into common usage, is still mostly the widely used in the world approximately 35,000 metric tonnes are produced and consumed annually, enough to make over 100 billion standard aspirin tablets every year. Practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones educational goals 1. Aspirin has come a long way from its humble origins. Basic chemistry up to class x level is asked in competitive exams such as indian railways alp and group d exams and ssc exams. The formation of the stable edta complex with metal ions can with the choice of suitable indicator be done. Synthesis of aspirin experiment chemistry libretexts. Chemistry for pharmacy lab introduction this course covers experiments on qualitative and quantitative aspects of chemistry as applied. An interactive manual for science education, sserc, 2002. It also contains information about other experiments that often occur in a level examinations. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves heat the flask gently on the steam bath for at least 10 minutes. Colour chart for ions in aqueous solutions 10 appendix 1.
Aug 04, 2010 an a2 level exam style question covering ph, pka, titration and indicators, designed to encourage students to apply their knowledge in a less familiar context. Each of the four levels take approximately 30 minutes to complete and are designed to be used as prelab activities in class or as homework. The aspirin product is not very soluble in water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added. This reaction is the reverse of the synthesis reaction. This crude aspirin can then be isolated by filtration. Practical guide edexcel this guide includes details about the core practicals for alevel chemistry. Roseville, ca 9570 toll free 8007728700 9167863800 fax 9167868905.
New alevel 2015 the revision guides are split into physical, inorganic and organic chemistry. Aspirin does not react in the acidic conditions in the stomach, but is hydrolysed in the. It deals with the chemistry of all the elements, in the periodic table, and their compounds, except that. An organic synthesis can involve one single step or multiple steps. Advanced chemistry experiments for ap, ib, and honors chemistry teacher guide 21st century science pasco scientific 10101 foothills blvd. Preparation of aspirin report 1 preparation of aspirin. Do not lose this container or its contents, you will use them later. Nucleophilic substitution reactions reaction of a hydroxide ion with and alkyl halide o an alkyl halide is a halogen f, cl, br, or i bonded to a hydrocarbon.
Preparation of paracetamol how it works the curly arrow mechanism below shows the bond formingbreaking process that occurs. Take a small amount of the aspirin tablet and dissolve as much as you can in 3 drops of ethyl acetate. Identifying unknown solutions teacher notes and preparation guide 11 appendix 1. Allow the conical flask to cool slowly and white needles of aspirin. Using the following link to the ocr chemistry website, to answer questions. You may be asked to describe these experiments in details or be asked about reasons for doing individual steps. Levels 1 and 2 covers the skills required for the preparation of. Aspirin is probably the most well known of the analgesic pain relieving agents. How to do synthesis nucleophiles and electrophiles. An unavoidable branch that addresses the basic principles of physical science involved in chemical systems.
Practical 4 the preparation of aspirin practical 5 the preparation of ethyl ethanoate practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the. This paper tests your knowledge of inorganic chemistry, energetics and equilibria. Organic synthesis is the study of how we build, in the lab, molecules ranging from complex, biologically active to new material or old natural products. Wm3 investigating the chemistry of the oh group in various environments wm4 interpretation of the mass spectrum of salicylic acid wm5. The willow bark from which the active component, acetylsalicylic acid, can be isolated has been used since before the time of ancient egypt to brew teas and chew as a fever or pain remedy. Aqa a level chemistry as and a2 chemistry notes and. This guide includes details about the pags for alevel chemistry. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds having hydroxyl group attached to the acyl group carboxylic acid derivatives contain functional groups that undergo nucleophilic acyl substitutions carboxylic acids, ester, amide, thioester, acyl phosphate, acyl chloride and acid anhydride are named as longest alkane name replacing its ending e with. Aspirin is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. A level chemistry contains a confusing mix of topics, ranging from things like atomic structures, halogens, alkanes and alkenes, to ethanol, redox reactions and catalysts. Work in small groups to prepare an audiovisual presentation about aspirin. It is provided as an additional resource to cover specification topics which teachers may not be familiar with.
For each of the papers below, there are revision notes, summary sheets, questions from past exam papers separated by topic and other worksheets. Preparation, purification and analysis of aspirin acetylsalicylic acid synthesis. The liquid remains at the boiling point of the solvent or solution during active reflux. Aspirin rsc education the royal society of chemistry.
However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to. Preparation of pure and dry sample of copper ammine complex liquid ammonia reacts with copper sulphate to form tetra ammine cupric sulphate. Organic synthesis is the study of how synthetic chemists make, in the lab, new materials or old natural products. It is the twostep synthesis of aspirin starting from oil of wintergreen.
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